We often see the following signs on many circuit boards or electronic products. Do you know what they mean?
FCC mark, CE mark, hand mark, trash can mark on the Atmel development board
RoHS mark and RU mark on NXP development board
Hand sign, trash can sign, Pb sign on NXP development board
CE mark and FCC mark on Arduino development board
RU logo on Toshiba development board
Trash can logo, KC logo, FCC logo, CE logo on SanDisk U disk
Do you know the meaning of the WiFi Bluetooth logo, FCC standard, and CE logo on the ESP32 WiFi+Bluetooth module? One, logo 1, anti-static logo
Anti-static signs (marks) are an indispensable part of the anti-static control system. These signs (marks) clearly and vividly indicate static-related products, areas or packaging, etc., reminding the staff to never forget the dangers of static electricity , Do a good job of prevention. It can be pasted on the equipment used in the workshop, the outer packaging of the product, the equipment shell or the place where anti-static is required. 2. WEEE logo
Trash can symbol. In the European Union, this symbol indicates that when the end user intends to discard this product, the product must be sent to an appropriate facility for recovery and recycling. 2. Domestic certification
1. CCC certification: China Compulsory Certification, China Compulsory Certification. The 3C mark is not a quality mark, but the most basic safety certification. It is a certification to protect consumers’ personal safety and national security. National Safety Certification (CCEE), Import Safety Quality Licensing System (CCIB), China Electromagnetic Compatibility Certification (EMC) three-in-one “CCC” authoritative certification, is an advanced mark of China General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and CNCA in line with international standards , Has irreplaceable importance. Currently, China has announced that the first batch of products that must pass compulsory certification includes 132 types in 19 categories. Mainly include wires and cables, low-voltage electrical appliances, information technology equipment, safety glass, fire-fighting products, motor vehicle tires, latex products, etc. 2. CQC certification: China Quality Certification Center, a voluntary product certification business carried out by China Quality Certification Center. my country has implemented a national compulsory certification system (CCC certification) from May 1, 2002. Compulsory product certification is implemented for products listed in the CCC catalog. If certification is required for products not listed in the catalog, voluntary product certification can be adopted. Method, namely CQC certification. CQC certification has two meanings. One is that the issuing agency is CQC (China Quality Certification Center) (it should be noted that most 3C certificates are also CQC issued); the other is that it is different from CCC mandatory certification, which is voluntary. That is to say, there is no mandatory requirement at the level of national laws and regulations, which is a voluntary certification behavior of enterprises. 3. SRRC certification: mandatory certification by the National Radio Regulatory Commission
SRRC is a compulsory certification requirement of the National Radio Regulatory Commission. Since June 1, 1999, the Ministry of Information Industry (MII) of China has mandated that all radio component products sold and used in China must obtain a radio model Radio Type Approval Certification (Radio Type Approval Certification). Third, global certification 1, CB certification: International Electrotechnical CB certification
The system is a platform for mutual recognition of electrical product test results established by the International Electrotechnical Commission’s Organization for the Conformity Assessment System for Electrical Equipment and Components (IECEE). It is also a multilateral agreement between member states and certification organizations. Enterprises can use a certification body to issue The CB test certificate and report obtained the national certification of other CB member states. So far, more than 50 countries have joined the CB system (as shown in the table), and most of these countries are China’s main trading partners. 4. North American certification 1. UL certification: UL is the abbreviation of Underwriter Laboratories Inc., and is one of the most trusted conformity assessment providers for manufacturers
The UL Safety Testing Institute is the most authoritative in the United States and the largest private organization engaged in safety testing and appraisal in the world. UL is mainly engaged in product safety certification and operating safety certification business. Its ultimate goal is to obtain products with a fairly safe standard for the market and contribute to the guarantee of personal health and property safety. In terms of product safety certification as an effective means to eliminate technical barriers to international trade, UL also plays an active role in promoting the development of international trade. In the United States, for consumers, UL is a symbol of safety marks, and UL is one of the most trusted conformity assessment providers for manufacturers.
The UL certification mark is the RU symbol. Common symbols on the circuit board. At the beginning of the article, Toshiba and NXP’s development boards have a series of letters “*RU94V-0 HF PbF *”. What does this mean?
In fact, this is a kind of flame retardant grade in the RU/UL certification, and the flame retardant grade increases gradually from HB, V-2, V-1 to V-0:
HB:
The lowest flame retardant grade in the UL94 standard.
V-2:
After the sample was subjected to two 10-second burning tests, the flame was extinguished within 30 seconds.
Can ignite cotton wool under 30cm.
V-1:
After the sample was subjected to two 10-second burning tests, the flame was extinguished within 30 seconds.
Can not ignite cotton wool below 30cm.
V-0:
After the sample was subjected to two 10-second burning tests, the flame was extinguished within 10 seconds.
No burning objects should fall.
HF: means that the product does not contain halogen, specifically the chlorine content in the product. PbF: means that the product is lead-free, that is, the lead content is below 1000ppm. 2. ETL certification: ETL certification is a certification required for products to be exported to the United States and Canada.
ETL certification is a certification required for products to be exported to the United States and Canada. The ETL mark indicates that the product has passed the accreditation test of NRTL in the United States and SCC in Canada. Intertek is one of the few certification organizations recognized by OSHA and SCC. The ETL mark recognizes that it has the same effect as the UL or CSA mark and complies with relevant safety standards. 3. FCC certification: The US Federal Communications Commission (Federal Communication.FCC) is an agency authorized by the US government to manage radio, communications and digital equipment.
The Federal Communications Commission (Federal Communication.FCC) is an agency authorized by the US government to manage radio, communications and digital equipment; it manages the import and use of radio frequency devices, including computers, fax machines, electronic devices, radio receiving and transmission equipment, and radio remote control toys , Telephones, personal computers, and other products that may harm personal safety; coordinate domestic and international languages by controlling radio, television, telecommunications, satellites and cables, and implement control over equipment in this area. 4. IC certification: IC is the English abbreviation of Industry Canada, is the abbreviation of Industry Canada, and is the testing standard for analog and digital terminal equipment specified by Industry Canada. IC certification standards are basically the same as FCC. IC is currently only in electromagnetic interference. Do restrictions. Industry Canada is responsible for the certification of electronic and electrical products entering the Canadian market, and stipulates the EMC certification that imported electronic products must pass. Its responsible products are roughly broadcasting and television equipment, information technology equipment, radio equipment, telecommunications equipment, engineering and medical equipment, etc. Similar to the US FCC, IC currently only limits electromagnetic interference. V. EU certification 1. CE certification: The CE certification system is the access system for EU electrical products and is a requirement of mandatory legal provisions.
CE certification is a compulsory product safety certification system implemented by EU countries. The purpose is to protect the life and property safety of people in EU countries. Therefore, it is generally aimed at products with a certain degree of danger that ordinary people come into contact with daily, such as most charged products All products have the risk of electric shock, so CE certification is required. This is also an internationally accepted practice. For example, my country also has its own compulsory product certification system CCC certification, Japan has PSE certification, and Australia has SAA certification, all in order to protect the lives and property of its people. It is important to note that if Chinese manufacturers want to enter the EU market, CE certification is a compulsory certification requirement. Whether it is a product produced by an EU enterprise or a product produced in another country, it must be completed if it wants to freely circulate in the EU market. CE certification, affixed with the CE mark, to show that the product meets the basic requirements of the EU “Technical Coordination and Standardization New Method” directive. Otherwise, it is illegal, ranging from failure to clear customs, and severely subject to investigation and recall or fines. The CE mark applies to all EU countries. The CE mark covers 80% of industrial and consumer products in the European market and 70% of EU imports. According to EU law, CE certification is a compulsory certification, so if the product is not CE certified and exported to the EU rashly, it will be considered an illegal act. Taking France as an example, the possible consequences are:
The product cannot pass customs;
Be detained, fined or confiscated;
Face a fine of five dry pounds;
Withdraw from the market and recall all products in use;
Be held criminally responsible;
Notify the EU
2. RoHS certification: RoHS is a mandatory standard established by EU legislation.
Its full name is “Restriction of Hazardous Substances” (Restriction of Hazardous Substances). The standard has been officially implemented on July 1, 2006, and is mainly used to standardize the material and process standards of electronic and electrical products, making it more conducive to human health and environmental protection. The purpose of this standard is to eliminate lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in electrical and electronic products (note: the correct Chinese name of PBDE refers to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, which is a false statement ) A total of 6 substances, with emphasis on cadmium content not exceeding 0.01%. The directive was formally issued on February 13, 2003. The restricted hazardous substances include: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated biphenyls Ethers (PBDEs) have six hazardous substances. In 2015, four new phthalate substances were added, and the restricted hazardous substances increased to ten, also known as RoHS2.0. RoHS 2.0 ten hazardous substance restriction requirements:
In addition, it should be noted that the RoHS2.0 directive has been included in the scope of CE certification, so the current RoHS2.0 needs to be evaluated in accordance with the CE conformity assessment procedure, and the CE-RoHS certificate or self-declaration is issued in the product itself or outside The CE certification mark is affixed on the packaging. 3. TÜV certification: TÜV (Technischer Überwachungs Verein) is the abbreviation of German “Technical Supervision Association”.
In Germany, TUV is an official certification body designated by the government. It has a history of more than 130 years and is one of the most widely used third-party certifications in the world, providing quality and safety assurance for electrical, electronic, and machine products. 4. E-Mark certification: E-mark is an approval system for auto parts implemented in accordance with the ECE Regulations signed and promulgated in Geneva.
The Economic Commission for Europe is a branch of the United Nations, and its member states are European countries, including some non-European countries, such as Japan. e-mark is in accordance with the EU Directive 2009/19/EC and is aimed at the European Community market. However, in terms of acceptance by member states, E-mark is non-mandatory and can be freely selected, while e-mark is mandatory for member states and must be accepted. 6. Korean Certification 1. KC Certification: KC Mark Certification Products List (KC Certification Products List) According to the “Korea Electrical Appliances Safety Management Act”, since January 1, 2009, electrical appliance safety certification is divided into mandatory certification and self-discipline There are two types of (voluntary) certification.
Different from the above certification types, KC certification is a certification for manufacturers or factories. If companies need to apply for the KC mark, they must first apply to the Korea Electrical Testing Institute (KETI) or the Korea Industrial Technology Testing Institute (Korea Testing Laboratory, KTL) applied. If a product is produced by several independent factories, even though the products are of the same model, several factories should obtain the certification mark at the same time. Overseas manufacturers can apply directly or authorize local agencies and representative manufacturers in Korea to apply. 7. Japanese certification 1. PSE certification: PSE is a requirement of the “Electrical Equipment and Material Safety Law” implemented in 2001 and is aimed at most household or commercial electrical equipment.
PSE certification is a compulsory market access system for electrical appliances in Japan (called “fitness inspection” in Japan), and is an important content stipulated in the “Electrical Appliance Safety Law” in Japan. PSE is English “Product Safety of Electrical The abbreviation of Appliance&Materials’. At present, the Japanese government divides electrical appliances into “specific electrical appliances” and “non-specific electrical appliances” in accordance with Japan’s “Electrical Appliances Safety Law”. Among them, “specific electrical appliances” include 115 products; “Non-specific electrical appliances” includes 339 products. PSE includes both EMC and safety requirements. All products in the “Specific Electrical Appliances” catalog entering the Japanese market must be certified by a third-party certification body authorized by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan. Obtained the certification certificate, and there is a diamond-shaped PSE mark on the label. 2. VCCI certification: VCCI is a Japanese electromagnetic compatibility certification mark.
It is managed by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Information Technology Equipment (VCCI). VCCI certification is for information technology equipment (Information Technology Equipment, ITE) with a rated voltage not exceeding 600 volts, that is, the main function is to enter, store, display, retrieve, transmit, process, exchange or control data and information (or several functions) Combination) of equipment. The current standard adopted by VCCI is completely equivalent to the international standard CISPR 22. The electromagnetic emission limit of CISPR 22 standard is divided into A-level and B-level, and the product should meet the requirements of A-level or B-level and affix the corresponding VCCI mark. VCCI certification is not mandatory, but it is sold in Japan