The continuous miniaturization of printed circuit boards is a key development in the electronics field. Latest research has achieved a breakthrough in reducing the size of PCBs while maintaining high – density circuit integration. By using advanced lithography and etching techniques, the width of the conductive traces on PCBs has been reduced to a new level, allowing for more components to be packed into a smaller space. This miniaturization is essential for the development of smaller and more portable electronic devices, such as smartphones, smartwatches, and wireless earbuds.